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Colorectal Cancer

Condition Basics

What is colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer happens when cells that aren't normal grow in your colon. These cells often form in small growths called polyps. Not all colon polyps turn into cancer. But most colorectal cancer starts in a polyp. This cancer is also called colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending where the cancer is located.

What causes it?

The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known. Most cases begin in polyps, Opens dialog, which are small growths inside the colon or rectum. Colon polyps are very common. Some polyps can turn into cancer. But if they are found early, usually through routine screening tests, they can be removed before they do.

What are the symptoms?

Colorectal cancer usually doesn't cause symptoms until after it has started to spread. The most common symptoms include blood in your stools and very dark stools. You may have more frequent bowel movements. Or you may feel like your bowels aren't emptying completely. Other symptoms may include belly or rectal pain.

How is it diagnosed?

If your doctor thinks you may have colorectal cancer, you'll be asked about your medical history and have a physical exam. Your doctor may use a lighted scope to view the inside of your colon (colonoscopy) and take a biopsy, Opens dialog. You may also have blood tests and a CT scan.

How is colorectal cancer treated?

Treatment for colorectal cancer is based on the stage, Opens dialog and location of the cancer. It's also based on other things, such as your overall health. Most people have surgery to remove the cancer. Chemotherapy, Opens dialog, radiation therapy, Opens dialog, or both may also be used. In some cases, targeted therapy, Opens dialog or immunotherapy, Opens dialog may be an option.

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Current as of: October 25, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.